Machining center spindle taper holes are usually divided into two categories, namely, the universal system with taper of 7:24 And the HSK vacuum system with taper of 1:10.
The universal tool handle with taper of 7:24 has five standards and specifications, namely NT (traditional type), DIN 69871 (German standard), IS07388/1 (international standard), MAS BT (Japanese standard) and ANSI/ASME (American standard).
The German standard of NT type TOOL HOLDER is DIN 2080, which is to tighten the Tool Holder by pulling rod on traditional machine tools, also known as ST in China; the other four kinds of tool holders are tightened by pulling nails at the end of the tool holder on the processing center.
At present, DIN 69871 (JT) and MASBT are the two most widely used tool holders in China. The tool holder of DIN 69871 can be installed on the machine tools of DIN 69871 and ANSI/ASME spindle taper holes. The tool holder of IS0 7388/1 can be installed on the machine tools of DIN 69871, IS0 7388/1 and ANSI/ASME spindle taper holes. So the tool holder of IS0 7388/1 is the best for generality.
(1) DIN 2080 (NT or ST for short) Tool Holder
DIN 2080 is a German standard, i.e. ISO 2583, which is what we usually call NT type tool holder. It can't be mounted by machine tool's manipulator but by hand.
(2) DIN 69871 (JT, DIN, DAT or DV for short)Tool Holder
DIN 69871 can be divided into two types: DIN 69871 A/AD and DIN 69871 B. The former is central internal cooling, the latter is flange internal cooling, and the other sizes are the same.
(3) ISO 7388/1 (IV or IT for short)Tool Holder
Installation size of tool holder is not different from DIN 69871, but because the D4 value of ISO 7388/1 tool holder is smaller than that of DIN 69871 tool holder, it is no problem to install ISO 7388/1 tool holder on DIN 69871 taper hole machine tool, but it is possible to interfere if DIN 69871 tool holder is installed on ISO 7388/1 machine tool.
(4) MAS BT (abbreviated as BT)Tool Holder
BT type is a Japanese standard. Its installation size is totally different from DIN 69871, IS0 7388/1 and ANSI. It can not be replaced. The symmetrical structure of BT type tool holder makes it better than other three kinds of tool holders in high speed stability.
(5) ANSI B5.50 (abbreviated as CAT)Tool Holder
ANSI B5.50 is an American standard. Its installation size is similar to DIN 69871 and IS0 7388/1. However, due to the lack of a wedge gap, ANSI B5.50 tool holder can not be installed on DIN 69871 and IS0 7388/1 machine tools, but DIN 69871 and IS0 7388/1 tool holders can be installed on ANSI B5.50 machine tools.
2. 1:10 HSK Vacuum Tool Holder
The German standard of HSK vacuum tool holder is DIN69873. There are six kinds of standards and specifications, namely HSK-A, HSK-B, HSK-C, HSK-D, HSK-E and HSK-F. There are three kinds commonly used: HSK-A (automatic tool change with inner cooling), HSK-C (manual tool change with inner cooling) and HSK-E (automatic tool change with inner cooling, high speed).
The general tool holder of 7:24 is connected by the 7:24 taper of the tool holder and the 7:24 taper of the spindle hole of the machine tool. It has limitations in three aspects: high-speed processing, connection rigidity and coincidence accuracy.
The elastic deformation of HSK vacuum tool holder depends on the tool holder, which not only contacts the 1:10 conical surface of the tool holder with the 1:10 conical surface of the spindle hole of the machine tool, but also makes the flange surface of the tool holder closely contact with the spindle surface. This two-sided contact system is superior in high speed machining, connection rigidity and coincidence accuracy.
Hsk Tool Holder has a variety of specifications, such as A, B, C, D, E and F. Among them, A, E and F are commonly used in machining centers (automatic tool change).
The biggest difference between Type A and Type E is that:
1. Type A has drive grooves while Type E does not. Therefore, relatively speaking, the A-type transfer torque is larger, and some heavy cutting can be carried out relatively. The E-type transmission of the torque is relatively small, can only carry out some light cutting.
2. Besides the transmission groove, there are also manual fixed holes and directional grooves on the handle of type A cutter, so the balance is relatively poor. The E-type is not, so the E-type is more suitable for high-speed machining.
The mechanism of E-type and F-type is exactly the same. The difference between them is that the cone of E-type and F-type tool holders (e.g. E63 and F63) is smaller than that of F-type tool holders. That is to say, the flange diameters of E63 and F63 are both 63, but the cone size of F63 is only the same as that of E50. Therefore, compared with E63, the speed of F63 is faster (spindle bearings are smaller).
A Brief Introduction to Taper Handle Standard of Common Tools for NC Tools
National Standard GB 10945-89 "Drawing Nails for Tapered Tool Handles No. 40, 45 and 50 for Automatic Tool Changing Machine Tools" is formulated by referring to international standard ISO 7388/2-1984. It has the same shape and size. It can be divided into two types: A-type and B-type. The inclined angle of the drawing surface of A-type staples is 15 degrees, which is used for the tensioning device without steel balls, code name is "LDA". The inclined angle of the drawing surface of B-type staples is 45 degrees. In the tension device with steel ball, code name is "LDB". Both have through holes for cooling fluid flow. German standard DIN 6988-1987 has two kinds of pulling nails, type A and type B, type A with through hole; type B without through hole, but with ring groove for sealing ring to prevent leakage of coolant from the tail. The inclined angles of the tension surfaces of the two kinds of nails are both 15 degrees, which are used for the tension devices without steel balls.
The Japanese standard JIS B 6339:1998 has only one type of pulling nail. The angle of the pulling surface of the pulling nail is 15 degrees. It is used for the pulling device without steel balls. The code name is "xxP". The standard MAS-403 of Japan Working Machinery Association has two types: type I and type II. The angle of tension plane of type I is 30 degrees, which is used for tension device without steel ball; type II is 45 degrees, which is used for tension device with steel ball. When using, it should be noted that the head length of these two kinds of pull nails is longer than JIS B 6339:1998 standard.
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